First breath: an IRS letter is almost never an emergency, and it's not someone coming to your door. It's usually a notice. Here's how to read it.
Don't ignore the letter — interest and penalties keep growing, and the reply date is what protects you. Calendar it immediately, and respond by it, not after it.
Look in the top right of the letter. The notice number starts with CP. That number tells you what kind of notice it is — and what the IRS wants from you.
CP14 means the IRS says you owe a balance. It shows the amount, plus interest and penalties if any.
CP2000 means the IRS thinks your return doesn't match the records they have, and they're proposing a change. It's a proposal, not a final bill — you can agree or disagree with evidence.
Other CP notices may say the IRS changed something on your return, needs a form, or is holding a refund. In every case, the notice number and the reply-by date are the two things to find first.
Whatever the notice says, the reply-by date controls what happens next. Missing it can mean the proposed change becomes final, or penalties keep accruing. If you need more time, respond by the date and say so — silence is the worst option.
If you agree with the notice, follow the payment options in the letter. If you disagree, respond by the date with your explanation and any documents that back it up. If you can't pay in full, the letter usually lists payment plan options — asking about a plan is normal, not shameful.
The real IRS doesn't demand payment by gift card or wire transfer, and doesn't threaten arrest by phone. If a caller or message demands immediate payment by an unusual method, it's a scam — hang up and don't send money.
No. A CP2000 is a proposed change based on records the IRS has. You can agree with it, or disagree with an explanation and supporting documents, by the reply date.
Respond as soon as you can anyway, and explain the delay. Interest and penalties may continue, and a proposed change may become harder to challenge — but responding late is still far better than never responding.
Usually, yes. IRS notices typically list payment plan options, and you can request one. The letter itself will say how.
The IRS generally contacts you by mail first. A threatening phone call demanding immediate payment is a scam sign, not how the IRS works.
Upload the notice — get the deadline and the ask in plain English, free summaryPlainEnvelope Pro ($6.99/month) adds an action plan and a draft reply. Deadline reminders are coming soon.
Information only, not tax or legal advice. This page explains general information about IRS notices; it is not advice about your specific tax situation. For advice about your case, talk to a tax professional.